Abstract
This study analyses and explains the spatial pattern of urban green spaces based on a new approach, the application of the concept of social ecology with data collected from 3410 respondents selected across the 104 communities in Ibadan using stratified random sampling technique of projected population of Ibadan for 2015 estimated at 1,783, 367 with four sample percentages, 0.1% 0.2%, 0.4% and 0.8 % respectively. Bivariate correlation analysis of SPSS version 21 was used to determine the significant social ecology indicators at P ≤ 0.05. Results show that the spatial pattern of green spaces was clustered indicating an uneven distribution of the benefits and burdens of urban green spaces for the year 2015. There are significant relationships between green spaces occurrence and such social ecology indicators as occupation (P = 0.001), income (P = 0.002) and housing type (P = 0.002). Thus, the distribution of green spaces is a function of the various social structures in existence in the metropolis. The commonly used indicators for social ecology in the literature for geographical studies are income, race and education. This study identified two additional possible indicators: occupation, and housing type. Keywords : social ecology, urbanization, green spaces, GIS
Highlights
Rapid urbanization results in the conversion of several urban lands into built up structures and in excessive destruction of the natural ecosystem including green spaces (Honu et al, 2009; Barredo and Demicheli, 2003; Berry, 1990; Akerlund et al, 2006)
Social ecology focuses on the possibility that the foundations of ecological crises lie in social structures, or the multiple cause-and-effect relationships linking social ecological systems status and health (Young, 1974; Young et al, 2006; Folke et al, 2007; Dietz et al, 2007; Rosa, 2004)
In terms of the variables to measure under social ecology concept, demographic characteristics other than population size have been identified to be permissible in the model most especially since the human ecosystem comprises of four interacting components: population, social organization, environment, and technology (Duncan, 1964; Bookchin, 1964; 2005; 2007; Anderson et al, 2007; Radin, 1960)
Summary
Rapid urbanization results in the conversion of several urban lands into built up structures and in excessive destruction of the natural ecosystem including green spaces (Honu et al, 2009; Barredo and Demicheli, 2003; Berry, 1990; Akerlund et al, 2006). In terms of the variables to measure under social ecology concept, demographic characteristics other than population size have been identified to be permissible in the model most especially since the human ecosystem comprises of four interacting components: population, social organization, environment, and technology (Duncan, 1964; Bookchin, 1964; 2005; 2007; Anderson et al, 2007; Radin, 1960). Biophysical factors such as biogeography and climate are considered important contextual factors conditioning the social structural drivers of environmental impacts (Dietz et al, 2007). A total of 104 communities were observed for Ibadan metropolis
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