Abstract
In social-ecological systems (SES) research the conceptualization of social-ecological interactions has advanced from viewing SES as separate social and ecological systems where one system acts as an exogenous “driver” on the other, to conceptualizing them as coupled or linked ecological and social systems (Berkes and Folke 1998), as embedded systems (Folke 2016, Folke et al 2016), towards acknowledging that the social and the ecological are deeply intertwined (Folke et al. 2016). Below we present these different conceptualizations and provide our own interpretation/understanding of intertwinedness in terms of intra-active processes and relations (Barad 2007, 2012). We end by discussing some implications of this understanding of intertwinedness for the study of SES.
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