Social Dynamics in Academic Pathways: A Comprehensive Study of Social Influences on University Program Selection in Kenya

Abstract

In the dynamic context of Kenyan higher education plus the ever-changing career landscape, the career selection decision-making process regarding university program or course is not only critical but also complex. Failure to make an informed career choice hampers the student’s proper formation of self-esteem into adult life. Hence the need for this study that addresses the gap in understanding the social dynamics influencing Kenyan students’ educational choices, set against an evolving educational landscape. The study is anchored on Ginzberg’s Developmental Theory, Bandura’s Social Learning Theory, and Super’s Self-Concept Theory. The research provides a multifaceted perspective on how students navigate their academic pathways. Surveying 200 undergraduate students at Kibabii University, Kenya, the study employed a descriptive correlational design, integrating both descriptive and inferential statistical analyses to explore the influence of peers, family, teachers, and media. The results indicated that a higher percentage of female students (22%) than male students (12%) make this decision at primary school age. The decision-making is fairly distributed across different stages of secondary education, with the most decisive phase being after secondary school, where 34% of males and 26% of females make their choice. Interestingly, an equal percentage (15%) of both genders report that their decision emerged slowly over time. Further findings indicate a significant impact of peers on program selection, signifying a peer-oriented approach in students’ decision-making. In contrast, parental influence is identified as a major determinant in the timing of these decisions, highlighting the critical role of family in the Kenyan educational setting. These results not only contribute to a nuanced understanding of academic decision-making in Kenya but also underscore the importance of considering these social factors in educational counseling and policy formulation. The study bridges a crucial research gap and provides insights pivotal for educators, counselors, and policymakers, emphasizing the need for comprehensive guidance strategies that accommodate these social influences.