Social Disparities in Post-diagnosis Health Behaviors of Iranian Breast Cancer Survivors: The Mediating Role of Psychosocial Factors as Potential Buffering Agents

Abstract

Background: Breast cancer (BC) is surging as a public health issue in Iran and engagement in positive health behaviors improves the odds of survival and reduces the risk of concomitant comorbidities in BC survivors. Objectives: The primary purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of socioeconomic inequalities on leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) and fruit and vegetable (F & V) consumption among Iranian BC survivors. Another objective of this study was to examine the role of psychosocial factors, such as stress, self-efficacy, and social support as mediators between socioeconomic status (SES) and these health behaviors. Few studies have investigated social disparities in the health behaviors of cancer survivors. Likewise, the mediating role of psychosocial factors in the SES-health behavior gradient has rarely been explored in the cancer context. Psychosocial factors might have positive implications for socioeconomically disadvantaged survivors. Methods: Cross-sectional data were obtained from 196 patients with BC by a telephone-administrated questionnaire. The Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) 2013 was partially employed to measure exercise and F & V consumption. Cross-sectional analyses (correlation and logistic regression) were conducted to assess the relationship between SES, psychosocial factors, and health behaviors (P < 0.05). Results: Regarding LTPA and F & V consumption, more than half of the survivors complied with the recommended levels, consecutively. Both education and family income exhibited a positive association with LTPA and F & V consumption. Furthermore, self-efficacy and social support showed a positive relationship with LTPA and F & V consumption. Conclusions: The SES impacted health behaviors directly and via intermediary psychosocial factors. The results can inform future studies and interventions; psychosocial factors could buffer the effects of social inequalities on health behaviors. A key policy priority should, therefore, be planning and implementing psychosocial empowerment interventions to promote exercise and a healthy diet among impoverished cancer survivors.