Abstract
Abstract. This paper presents evidence of initial steps taken since 1989 towards the enhancement of social democratic transnational party co‐operation, manifesting itself on both a programmatic and an organizational level. To explain this development, a thesis based on the neo‐functionalist logic of political spillover together with a theory of party change is presented. An emerging European‐level presence is explained by increased EC policymaking since the adoption of the Single European Act, interacting with the internal preconditions for organizational innovation present in many social democratic parties. Evidence of such trends is then submitted, focusing on the French Socialist, German Social‐Democratic and British Labour Parties; the European Parliament Socialist Group; and the Socialist transnational party federation.
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