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Abstract
We explored the contributions of social, cultural, and land use (SCLU) factors to Aboriginal well-being and health using path analysis and data collected from 2 of 614 First Nations in Canada. Information gathered from a structured questionnaire with questions related to seven domains of well-being and contributing factors led to key findings: (i) the SCLU domain is the most important; (ii) the most important SCLU factors are the percentage of household meals of traditional diets and the impact of government regulations on land use; (iii) the most important Health domain factors are the prevalence of mental and psychological problems and the quality of health services; and (iv) the SCLU factors of access to cultural sites, the freedom to participate in spiritual activities, and the impact of government regulations on social and cultural life have a profound effect on mental health. Improving Aboriginal well-being and health may depend on incorporating SCLU factors into new, holistic policies.
Highlights
The indigenous peoples of North America and their descendants are known as Aboriginal peoples
60 per cent of Canadian Aboriginal peoples belong to First Nations, and 57 per cent First Nations people live in 614 First Nations communities and the other 43 per cent in urban areas.[2]
If the Aboriginal peoples of Canada were considered as a separate national entity, that nation would have ranked 48th out of 175 countries in the United Nations’ Human Development Report, while Canada regularly ranks at or near the top.[3]
Summary
The indigenous peoples of North America and their descendants are known as Aboriginal peoples. The Canadian Constitution recognizes three groups of Aboriginal peoples: Indians (commonly referred as First Nations), Inuit (indigenous peoples inhabiting the Arctic region), and SCLU factors. The 2006 census of Canada found that Aboriginal peoples of Canada (~1.17 million) were 3.8 per cent of the Canadian population, and ~0.3 per cent of the World’s Indigenous populations (more than 370 million) living in 90 countries.[1] Approximately 60 per cent of Canadian Aboriginal peoples belong to First Nations, and 57 per cent First Nations people live in 614 First Nations communities ( called ‘reserves’) and the other 43 per cent in urban areas.[2] A ‘reserve’ is government-owned land set aside by the Canadian government for the use of a First Nation’s people. Colonization, infringement of Aboriginal land rights, and the residential school system have had a significant adverse impact on Aboriginal peoples,[4,5] resulting in health disparities and ‘trapping’ them in an ‘endless circle of disadvantage’.6,7
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