Abstract
Diabetes is chronic metabolic disorder characterized by states of hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism. Diabetes affects millions of people globally every day and the prevalence of the disease is on the rise due to unhealthy diet and lifestyle. The disorder usually results to chronic complications including cardiovascular diseases, diabetic nephropathy, diabetic neuropathy, foot ulcers and diabetic eye diseases that are all preventable through secondary preventive measures. Once an individual has been diagnosed with T2DM, secondary preventive approaches are essential in preventing the occurrence of chronic complications. However, lack of awareness of these measures has been cited as the common reasons for the development of complications. The study aimed to assess the effect of social cultural and economic factors on the practice of secondary diabetes prevention among patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) at Consolata Hospital Nkubu and Meru Level Five Hospital between March and April 2019. A descriptive correlational study design was adopted to collect data from 357 purposively sampled participants with T2DM using questionnaires and Focus Group Discussion Guide. Quantitative data were analyzed using SPSS version 25 at 95% confidence interval and a significance level p ≤ 0.05. Most respondents attended Meru Teaching and Referral Hospital. Majority of the respondents were aged between 40 - 60 years. Most respondents 31.6% had secondary level of education and majority 67% was employed. Concerning secondary prevention, majority did foot examination on every visit 70.6% and BP monitoring 69.5% while 56.5% did annual eye screening. Level of income, affordability of services, health insurance cover of the patients, monthly cost of DM management and traditional beliefs in managing DM all significantly influenced DM secondary prevention at a p value ≤ 0.05. The factors need to be addressed to reduce the global burden posed by the disease.
Highlights
Once an individual has been diagnosed with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM), secondary preventive approaches are essential in preventing the occurrence of chronic complications
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both [1]
Diabetes mellitus has become an epidemic globally that is associated with significant disability, premature deaths and enormous medical costs often resulting from the chronic complications [5]
Summary
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic metabolic disorder of multiple etiologies characterized by chronic hyperglycemia with disturbances of carbohydrates, fat and protein metabolism resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both [1]. The condition is one of the most significant public health challenges of the 21st century. Diabetes mellitus is among the chronic conditions taking a huge toll on human health and resources, and continue to be neglected by states, individuals, and communities [2]. There are two types of diabetes mellitus: Type Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and type 2 diabetes mellitus. A decade ago, the disease was not considered as a significant public health threat in the developing countries like Kenya, but recently the situation has drastically changed [4]. Diabetes mellitus has become an epidemic globally that is associated with significant disability, premature deaths and enormous medical costs often resulting from the chronic complications [5]
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