Social context of philosophy the case Andalusian philosophy upon Ibn Khaldun’s historical report

Abstract

Hypothesis is that global philosophy was formed in Andalusia in late middle Ages due to specific social changes in Andalusia. Change in science and especially philosophy is based on social context. Social context is caused by a kind of population diversity which is a ready field for a certain type of philosophical thinking and generally causes general flow of philosophy. Formation of three-religious society was a new social context that required the development of philosophy. Philosophy, as a tool for the dialogue of nations, initially played a role in place where Muslim, Christian, Jewish nations settled next to each other, and at the same time, a constructive interaction between philosophers of three religions was formed. And Averroes (1198),his student Jewish Ibn Maimon(1204), and the Christian Aquinas (1274)are symbols of dialogue between religious .Development of interaction is such that theologians of three religions appeared and even bookes beyond thoughts of three religions was compiled.and Averroes spirit philosophy of medieval ,by announcing independence of reason from religion, provided capital for discussion and also Aquinas tried to show this unity of religions and intellect by writing book "Summa Theologica". This article shows constructive interaction of philosophy and change in a historical event in late middle Ages, which is always possible to useful. Research is based on a report by Ibn Khaldun who said: Philosophy is dead in West of Islamic territories by Arab demographic composition and has awakened in Europe and in Iran is alive because of efforts of Nasir al-Din al-Tus(1274).