Social contacts patterns relevant to the transmission of infectious diseases in Suzhou, China following the COVID-19 epidemic

Abstract

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has profoundly affected human social contact patterns, but there is limited understanding regarding the post-pandemic social contact patterns. Our objective is to quantitatively assess social contact patterns in Suzhou post-COVID-19.MethodsWe employed a diary design and conducted social contact surveys from June to October 2023, utilizing paper questionnaires. A generalized linear model was utilized to analyze the relationship between individual contacts and covariates. We examined the proportions of contact type, location, duration, and frequency. Additionally, age-related mixed matrices were established.ResultsThe participants reported an average of 11.51 (SD 5.96) contact numbers and a total of 19.78 (SD 20.94) contact numbers per day, respectively. The number of contacts was significantly associated with age, household size, and the type of week. Compared to the 0–9 age group, those in the 10–19 age group reported a higher number of contacts (IRR = 1.12, CI: 1.01–1.24), while participants aged 20 and older reported fewer (IRR range: 0.54–0.67). Larger households (5 or more) reported more contacts (IRR = 1.09, CI: 1.01–1.18) and fewer contacts were reported on weekends (IRR = 0.95, CI: 0.90–0.99). School had the highest proportion of contact durations exceeding 4 h (49.5%) and daily frequencies (90.4%), followed by home and workplace. The contact patterns exhibited clear age-assortative mixing, with Q indices of 0.27 and 0.28.ConclusionsWe assessed the characteristics of social contact patterns in Suzhou, which are essential for parameterizing models of infectious disease transmission. The high frequency and intensity of contacts among school-aged children should be given special attention, making school intervention policies a crucial component in controlling infectious disease transmission.