Social Challenges of the New Pension Reform in the Current Demographic Situation in Rossiya

Abstract

The Object of the Study, is the social challenges associated with the new pension reform in Rossiya. The Subject of the Study is the current demographic situation. One of the main civilizational challenges in Russia today is the demographic situation caused by the change in the age structure of the population – the birth rate is falling, the proportion and number of children's cohorts are decreasing, and the number of elderly people is steadily increasing. In our country, in accordance with the Federal law "On Amendments to Certain Legislative Acts of the Russian Federation on the Appointment and Payment of Pensions", an increase in the retirement age has been approved. Changes in legislation to raise the retirement age in Russia are conducted in conditions of low life expectancy in comparison with other countries, as well as without taking into account the fact that the Russian regions are "aging" in different ways. If we talk about the regions, the oldest of them is the Tula Oblast’, where the number of citizens belonging to the category 60+ reaches 18.2 percent, and the youngest is considered to be Chechnya, in which such people are 4.3 percent, that is, the "geographical" gap is also very significant. The Main Theoretical Provisions of practical importance are that in the context of the adoption of the new pension reform, the main social challenges are: low life expectancy as well as low compared with economically developed countries, the survival of the elderly and old people; the continuing gap in the life expectancy of men and women, while the life expectancy of women is higher than that of men, and the level of their health is lower; the lack of a clear system of advanced training of older workers, including in the pre-retirement age; low rates of creation of new high-tech jobs in the country; poverty of the population due to the low level of wages; significant regional differences in the rate of demographic aging and in access to jobs, including high-tech. All this requires the adoption of effective management decisions to achieve the goals of economic development of the country, scheduled up to 2024.