Social Capital and Community Participation on Infrastructure Development in Pajaran Village, Malang Regency Indonesia

Abstract

Indonesian statistics on village potential (2014) indicate that the province of East Java has not catch up with the infrastructure of its villages. The government is overcomes this delay through ADD (Alokasi Dana Desa/Village Fund Allocation). ADD is a government assistance program based on community participation. Desa Pajaran is part of the village group in Malang regency, which is a priority for ADD. The Mid Planning of Pajaran village 2014-2019 mentions that the priority program of the village of Pajaran is the improvement and development of infrastructure funded by ADD. The aims of the study are: 1) identification the participation level, which is divided into decision-making stage, implementation phase and utilization stage; 2) determine the factors forming social capital and social capital models and their relationship with participation. The result show that the level of participation in Desa Pajaran is low (57.5%). The structural equation model (SEM) analysis conducted in the Mplus program revealed that community social capital consisted of three elements: trust, social networks, and social norms. Trust is formed on six factors, social networks and social norms are formed on two factors. Social networks are an element of social capital that directly affects community participation in infrastructure development programs, while social beliefs and norms have an indirect relationship with community participation. The better social beliefs and norms, the better the network and community participation.