Abstract
The author studied wild pygmy chimpanzees ( Pan paniscus) for about eight months on two separate expeditions between 1975 and 1977, in the study area located at Wamba, Zone de Djolu, in the Republic of Zaire. Most of this paper is based on data obtained through observing the pygmy chimpanzees in their natural surroundings. However, some of them were provisioned and frequently visited the feeding area. Some portion of the data on groupings and food sharing were gathered there. Pygmy chimpanzees groupings, although similar to the common chimpanzee groupings, have larger temporary associations that are almost exclusively bisexual. At least in some greeting contexts, they exhibit patterns of behavior distinctly different from the common chimpanzee. A preliminary investigation of their social interactions revealed strong bonds between males and females, and high female sociability, in contrast to the strong male bonds and female unsociability seen among common chimpanzees.
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