Abstract
Horizontal conflicts involving religious issues in Indonesia is still very dominant. The conflict between Sunni and Shia in Sampang Madura is the one case of the large impact. the case that occurred on August 26, 2012 has caused in one person died, dozens of people were injured, dozens of homes burned and hundreds of Shias were evacuated. This phenomenon has encouraged me to analyze the psychosocial and social impacts experienced by refugees. This research was focused to the background of horizontal conflict that occured between Sunni and Shia in Sampang, Madura; Conflict resolution efforts, the psychosocial and social impacts for Refugees Shi'ites in Rusun Puspa Agro Jemundo Sidoarjo? This study has used descriptive qualitative. The subject of the research was focused on Shiites who has been evacuating in Jemundo Sidoarjo. The results of this study showed that the conflict was influenced by many factors: ideological, family conflict, economic motive, and local politics. The conflict resolution has been conducted in several stages: stages of de-escalation; stages of humanitarian intervention and political negotiations; stages of problem solving approach; and the last, Peace of building stages; which includes the transition, reconciliation, and consolidation. The social impacts of refugees in Jemundo Sidoarjo were Loss of residence; Loss of livelihood sources; created a dependency with others; For children, they can not access a proper education as well as have been experiencing disorders of psychological development; The refugees have not have basic freedoms: Limited access to health social services; Moreover, there will be impoverishment in the long term.
Highlights
Horizontal conflicts involving religious issues in Indonesia is still very dominant
Menurut Martin, “social conflict involving religion is greatly feared as a result of the extreme violence against peoples and cultures perpetrated in the name of religion. (Bouma, 2001)
Tempo.co, Dua Skenario agar Pengungsi Syiah Bisa Nyoblos, 02 April 2014, http://pemilu.tempo.co/read/news/20 14/04/02/269567406/Dua-Skenarioagar-Pengungsi-Syiah-BisaNyoblos] diakses pada 21/4/2014
Summary
Gambar di atas menunjukan hubungan antara tujuan dan perilaku serta dampaknya berkaitan dari konflik:. Berdasarkan tipologi yang diformulasikan oleh Fisher, konflik antara Suni dan Syiah di Sampang yang meledak pada 26 Agustus 2014 dapat dikategorikan sebagai konflik terbuka (open conflict). Ketika de-eskalasi sudah terjadi, maka tahap intervensi kemanusiaan bisa dilakukan bersamaan dengan negosiasi antar elit politik untuk meredam ketegangan. Kedua, masing-masing pihak memberikan informasi yang benar kepada pihak lain tentang kompleksitas konflik, yang meliputi sebab-sebab konflik, trauma-trauma yang timbul ketika konflik, dan kendala-kendala sosial yang akan menghambat fleksibilitas mereka dalam melakukan proses resolusi konflik. Tahap selanjutnya adalah Rekonsiliasi yang bisa dilakukan jika potensi konflik terdalam yang dialami oleh komunitas adalah rapuhnya kohesi sosial karena beragam struktural yang terjadi dalam dinamika sejarah komunitas tersebut. Semboyan ini mengharuskan aktoraktor yang relevan untuk terus menerus melakukan intervensi perdamaian terhadap struktur sosial dengan dua tujuan utama yaitu mencegah terulangnya lagi konflik yang melibatkan kekerasan bersenjata serta mengkonstruksikan proses perdamaian langgeng yang dapat dijalankan sendiri oleh pihak-pihak yang bertikai. Relokasi dan integrasi dengan masyarakat tempat pengungsi berada. (Gunanto Surjono, dkk. 2004: 7)
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