Social and Political Dimensions of National Security in Korea, 1948–1999

Abstract

Abstract: This paper emphasizes the need for change in Korea’s national security strategy to meet the challenges of the era of globalization. Up to now, we have conceived national security in terms of our relationship with North Korea, resulting in military defense and politically centered concepts of security. It is argued that national security can be enhanced under democracy. This is because the state’s accountability will be more developed as a result of transparency, mutual interaction with the public and the solidification of the collective responsibility for Korea’s national security. Thus, we firmly believe that national security will become more secure when the ruling elite will have acquired greater legitimacy through political stabilization and social integration. In this context the current regime, which has peacefully inherited power horizontally, must focus its national security policy not only on military, but also social and political issues. The concept of national security is not nebulous and nor should it be taken as such. We also understand national security as an organic instrument for protecting, preserving and enhancing the national interest. In this respect, we emphasize the holistic nature of our national security problematique. As we enter the Twenty-first century, we must approach our national security from a bilateral, regional and global perspective, transcending our traditional sight anchored in the immediate affairs of the Korean peninsula. If we were to approach our national security as mentioned above—through the multidimensional prism of national defense, political stability, social integration, economic growth, cultural adaptation and environmental protection—Korea will be able to enhance its national interest in holistic terms.