Abstract
In Mozambique, artisanal and small-scale mining provides a livelihood for many people and is an important source of economic development for many rural communities. The number of people involved in those activities is likely growing due to population growth, poverty, high price of mineral and climate change. However, there are many social and environmental problems directly associated with gold mining that overshadowed these economic gains. In this sense, the study aimed to analyze the social and environmental impacts of artisanal mining in the Chimanimani National Park and the relevant legislation. Methodologically, it was used a literature review and field research, with a sample of 28 interviewees. The collected data were processed on IBM SPSS statistical package, version 20.0 and analyzed at a level of significance of 5%. The results showed that the development of artisanal mining activities in the Chimanimani National Park, despite providing employment and income, has created problems of soil erosion, clearance of vegetation and water pollution, in addition to the degeneration of areas agricultural, which threatens the local socio-environmental well-being. Keywords: artisanal gold mining, climate change, Chimanimani National Park, environment, pollution DOI: 10.7176/JRDM/79-05 Publication date: October 31 st 2021
Highlights
Mozambique, a country long scarred by poverty, is endowed with a variety of natural resources
3.1 Socio-environmental impacts of artisanal gold mining on the PNC in Tsetsera From the study sample, there is evidence that the socio-environmental impacts of artisanal mining in Tsetsera are of great magnitude, affecting both the community and the miners
The lack of adequate instruments is directly linked to the environmental problems caused by mining activity, both miners and the community of Tsetsera point out that mining activity causes problems of soil erosion, water pollution to the environment and soil impoverishment, as well as illustrates Figure 1
Summary
Mozambique, a country long scarred by poverty, is endowed with a variety of natural resources. This biodiversity is already under threat from a number of natural as well as human-induced pressures. 80% of the population is rural and have long coped with the risk by generating their incomes from several natural resources. For Mozambique, finding a balance that ensures economic growth in terms of GDP while maintaining functional natural ecosystems and maintaining social equity with a fair distribution of income, constitutes the main challenge to this day. The economic considerations often override the environmental and social considerations. Achieving these SDGs will require a nexus approach
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