Social and environmental factors in the diversity of tomato landraces from the South-Central region of Mexico

Yolanda Del Rocio Moreno-Ramírez,Venancio Vanoye-Eligio,Aurelio Hernández-Bautista,Sandra Grisell Mora-Ravelo,Porfirio Ramírez-Vallejo,Fernando Castillo-Gónzalez,Mario Rocandio-Rodríguez

doi:10.1590/0103-8478cr20180514

Yolanda Del Rocio Moreno-Ramírez, Venancio Vanoye-Eligio + Show 5 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20180514

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Abstract

ABSTRACT: In the present study, we investigated the influence of social and environmental factors in the genetic diversity of tomato landraces in the South-Central region of Mexico. A total of 30 tomato landraces, collected in 18 villages with different ethnolinguistic affiliations, were analyzed. We reported that the genetic diversity of tomato landraces is associated with the ethnolinguistic group, weather, and soil-type present in the region studied. Our results showed that there are morphological differences between landraces grown by different ethnolinguistic groups; however, there was also evidence of morphological similarities between landraces from groups with different ethnolinguistic affiliations. Finally, different selection criteria, mainly fruit color, size and shape, plays an important role in the phenotypic divergence among landraces grown in different traditional farming systems.

Highlights

The genetic variability present in Mesoamerica and the Andes regions is broader than that observed in the European cultivars (VILLAND et al, 1998)
It was observed that exocarp thickness, color and difficult to remove the exocarp are others criteria frequently used by growers with ethnolinguistic affiliation Náhuatl and Otomí
The permutational multivariate analysis of variance showed that the ethnolinguistic, weather and soil-type effects were significant in the combined, flower and fruit traits analyses (P

Summary

Introduction

The genetic variability present in Mesoamerica and the Andes regions is broader than that observed in the European cultivars (VILLAND et al, 1998). In the Central and Southern regions of Mexico, wide phenotypic diversity in fruit size and shape has been observed in natural populations including wild populations (ÁLVAREZ-HERNÁNDEZ et al, 2009) and cultivated landraces (AGUILAR & MONTES, 1993). Colors and sizes of tomato fruit as well as the commercial quality observed in the native germplasm was reported to be an attractive source of genes with high agronomic importance for breeding programs. The use and management of native varieties satisfy multiple objectives and impact the biological, economic, and cultural plurality of traditional agrosystems (CAMACHO et al, 2006). These systems, besides being notably diverse, promote and conserve genetic resources and define

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