Abstract
We introduce Semantic Ontology-Controlled application for web Content Management Systems (SOCCOMAS), a development framework for FAIR (‘findable’, ‘accessible’, ‘interoperable’, ‘reusable’) Semantic Web Content Management Systems (S-WCMSs). Each S-WCMS run by SOCCOMAS has its contents managed through a corresponding knowledge base that stores all data and metadata in the form of semantic knowledge graphs in a Jena tuple store. Automated procedures track provenance, user contributions and detailed change history. Each S-WCMS is accessible via both a graphical user interface (GUI), utilizing the JavaScript framework AngularJS, and a SPARQL endpoint. As a consequence, all data and metadata are maximally findable, accessible, interoperable and reusable and comply with the FAIR Guiding Principles. The source code of SOCCOMAS is written using the Semantic Programming Ontology (SPrO). SPrO consists of commands, attributes and variables, with which one can describe an S-WCMS. We used SPrO to describe all the features and workflows typically required by any S-WCMS and documented these descriptions in a SOCCOMAS source code ontology (SC-Basic). SC-Basic specifies a set of default features, such as provenance tracking and publication life cycle with versioning, which will be available in all S-WCMS run by SOCCOMAS. All features and workflows specific to a particular S-WCMS, however, must be described within an instance source code ontology (INST-SCO), defining, e.g. the function and composition of the GUI, with all its user interactions, the underlying data schemes and representations and all its workflow processes. The combination of descriptions in SC-Basic and a given INST-SCO specify the behavior of an S-WCMS. SOCCOMAS controls this S-WCMS through the Java-based middleware that accompanies SPrO, which functions as an interpreter. Because of the ontology-controlled design, SOCCOMAS allows easy customization with a minimum of technical programming background required, thereby seamlessly integrating conventional web page technologies with semantic web technologies. SOCCOMAS and the Java Interpreter are available from (https://github.com/SemanticProgramming).
Highlights
Every day we create more and more data, in exponentially increasing amounts
One reason is the lack of application development frameworks with a native graph data structure that are well integrated with Resource Description Framework (RDF) and allow handling graph data and manipulating and displaying SPARQL results [17] [for initial attempts of integrating RDF with conventional technologies, but not with content management systems, see e.g. [18,19,20,21,22,23,24,25,26,27]]
We introduce Semantic Ontology-Controlled application for web Content Management Systems (SOCCOMAS), a Semantic Web Content Management System (S-WCMS) that is based on semantic programming and used for creating and publishing data documents
Summary
Every day we create more and more data, in exponentially increasing amounts. More than 90% of today’s data have been created within the past 2 years [1,2,3]. Each S-WCMS powered by SOCCOMAS provides a comprehensive, yet very flexible data management tool that meets the growing and constantly changing requirements of organizations and research institutes for storing and processing FAIR data and metadata It supports the following ontology-driven functionalities: 1) Data control: a) intuitive GUI for data retrieval and data input of an S-WCMS, with auto-completion input fields for ontology terms, search and filtering and semantic annotation of free texts; b) version-control and document life cycle that allows the saving of work-in-progress copies, controlled publishing and versioning of several publications of the same data document (Figure 3); c) provenance transparency provided by the provenance and versioning knowledge graph (Figure 4), with (i) every contributor being tracked, (ii) the possibility to distinguish between the creator of the data document and creator of the data themselves (specification of data-creators is not implemented yet, but will be in future releases of SOCCOMAS) and (iii) the documentation of relevant literature and other metadata; d) editing transparency, with every change and every editing step being logged and time-stamped, resulting in a searchable change history knowledge graph (Figure 5) for each data document; e) shared semantics over data across all data documents of the same type; f) ontology-driven GUI allows changing the description of entry forms within SC-Basic or any particular INSTSCO and the interface will adapt instantly; g) SPARQL endpoint allows detailed searches over the various workspaces of an S-WCMS; 2) Data modeling: h) by changing the descriptions in SC-Basic or INST-SCO one can. As a consequence, when the middleware has been set up, the GUI of an S-WCMS can be developed through a usercentered design approach, by enabling the domain experts and the main users of the S-WCMS to adjust the entry components of any given page without the intervention of software programmers
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