Abstract
This article investigates how sports and popular music contributed to the formation of national consciousness during the immediate post‐state‐socialist period in Bulgaria. Throughout the difficult summers of 1994 and 1996, Bulgaria's success in international soccer championships briefly restored hope, confidence and national pride to many. Significantly, during the championships musicians produced new songs that celebrated the home team's victories in language and musical styles that referred overtly to the nation's shifting position vis à vis the Balkans, the European Union and the western world.
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