Abstract
Sternbergia is a genus containing mostly remarkable autum flowering taxa within Amaryllidaceae. Its distribution ranges from the Mediterranean region through the Irano-Anatolian region to Caucasus and Central Asia. In Flora of Iraq, the information about the occurrence, habitat, and distribution of its species is outdated or incomplete. The main aim of this study has been to contribute with new data from the field in order to update its status in the Kurdistan Region. Botanical field surveys were mostly carried out between 2013 and 2015 in autumn and spring. The main result of this study has been the occurrence of 3 species of Sternbergia: S. colchiciflora, which is reported in this study for the first time for the Kurdistan Region and therefore for Iraq; S. clusiana, which has been rediscovered in Iraq; and S. vernalis, which has been found again in the Berwarya Mountains, after being considered a lost species in Iraq over the last 80 years. These 3 observed species occur in the mountains of Amadiya District, making this area the richest territory for Sternbergia in the country. Due to certain factors that currently threaten their natural habitats, they are rare species and could be regarded as potentially endangered at regional level according to the IUCN criteria.
Highlights
The genus Sternbergia Waldst. & Kit. belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae and is one of the most remar kable autumn flowering genera
The main aim of this study is to contribute to the knowledge of the genus Sternbergia with new data from natural populations in order to update its status in the Kurdistan Region and to shed light on some of the historical localities known by the literature, as well as on the current threat status of its species and the proper strategies for their conservation
The west part of the Kurdistan Region hosts all species of Sternbergia certainly known from Iraq
Summary
The genus Sternbergia Waldst. & Kit. belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae and is one of the most remar kable autumn flowering genera. & Kit. belongs to the family Amaryllidaceae and is one of the most remar kable autumn flowering genera. Sternbergia was first described by Waldstein & Kitaibel (1803-1805), and dedicated to the memory of the Hungarian botanist Count Caspar von Sternberg (17611838). This genus comprises mostly autumn flowering species with a wine glass shape and a long perianth tube. All species of Sternbergia may be separated from other bulbous genera —v.gr., Colchicum and Crocus— because they produce true bulbs and have one style with inferior ovary and generally bright yellow flowers —except the white spring flowering S. candida—.Narcissus cavanillesii Barra & G. Within Sternbergia, the cultivation of S. lutea (L.) Spreng. is wellknown as a garden plant that produces flowers in autumn when other plants have finished their flowering period
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