Abstract
ABSTRACT Water scarcity is an old problem in the brazilian Northeast semiarid region and limits the economic and social development of the region. To mitigate negative impacts of this situation, the National Integration Ministry elaborated the São Francisco River Integration Project (PISF). The State of Paraíba will benefit from this project through the East Axis and West Axis water transposition systems’ from the São Francisco river. The Paraíba riverbasin will receive the waters of the São Francisco river through the Eastern Axis, since the project foresees that, from the city of Monteiro-PB, the water will be transported through the bed of the Paraíba river. This type of transport will cause high water losses. The present work analyzes water distribution scenarios in terms of water losses, which were simulated with the Acquanet model. The first scenario simulates the current situation, without water transposition of PISF, and the other ones evaluate different ways of distributing the waters of the East Axis among the Paraíba river bed and different pipelines construction scenarios. The results have shown that the construction of pipelines will reduce water losses and increase social gain, through the increase of the benefited population.
Highlights
Water scarcity is a reality in the northeast of the semi-arid region, where many cities are on the edge of a water collapse and operate under a rationing system
Due to its great geographic extent and climatic and physical diversities, the Paraíba River basin was divided into a sub-basin of the Taperoá River, which is an affluent river to the system, and in three hydrographic regions: Alto Paraíba, Médio
It was verified that the initial proposal of the Ministry of National Integration (Scenario 2) is subject to high transportation losses caused by infiltration and evaporation along the river and, in addition, losses occur in the reservoirs by evaporation and spillage
Summary
Water scarcity is a reality in the northeast of the semi-arid region, where many cities are on the edge of a water collapse and operate under a rationing system This problem is aggravated by population growth and industrial and agricultural activities, together with a decrease in the availability of drinking water, caused by pollution, deforestation and climate change. The other reservoirs in this basin have already reached the following volumes: Camalaú 6%, Poções 0.8%, Acauã 6% (AESA, 2007) This demonstrates that this basin shows great water vulnerability and can lead to a total collapse in the water supply if the rains are not enough to recover the water stocks in its main reservoirs. Because it is a water that involves high costs of transposition, it is necessary to make a good use of this resource, in particular, minimizing water losses
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