Abstract
The grand-unification gauge group SO(10) contains matter parity as a discrete subgroup. This symmetry could be at the origin of dark matter stability. The properties of the dark matter candidates depend on the path along which SO(10) is broken, in particular through Pati-Salam or left-right symmetric subgroups. We systematically determine the non-supersymmetric dark matter scenarios that can be realized along the various paths. We emphasize that the dark matter candidates may have colored or electrically charged partners at low scale that belong to the same SO(10) multiplet. These states, which in many cases are important for co-annihilation, could be observed more easily than the dark matter particle. We determine the structure of the tree-level and loop-induced mass splittings between the dark matter candidate and their partners and discuss the possible phenomenological implications.
Highlights
Among the various properties dark matter (DM) particles must have, the most intriguing one is their stability on cosmological timescales
We will be interested in direct stability for DM consisting of weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs)
GUTs based on SOð10Þ contain the discrete matter-parity symmetry Z32ðB−LÞ as a subgroup, offering a natural and simple explanation for the existence of DM: if the SOð10Þ symmetry breaking path preserves matter parity, the lightest parity-even fermion or parity-odd scalar is automatically stable
Summary
Among the various properties dark matter (DM) particles must have, the most intriguing one is their stability on cosmological timescales. A priori excluded from the start from the low-energy perspective, turn out to be viable along specific SOð10Þ breaking paths Some of these partners could be produced and seen in a much easier way by colliders than the DM particle itself, because they are colored or charged. The Pati-Salam paths, on the other hand, do not lead to dangerous gauge-boson induced proton decay and could be valid all the way down to 103 TeV, where limits from rare meson decays such as KL → μÆe∓ [34,35,36] put constraints on the massive PS gauge boson X This PS scale can be pushed down an order of magnitude further by playing with the quark and lepton mixing matrices [37,38], but we will not make use of this for the most part. For a scalar representation the 16 contains two DM candidates while the 144 has four candidates, for a total of six candidates (with two 10 candidates)
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