Abstract
The Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) is currently one of the important tools for landslide monitoring and early warning. However, the majority of GNSS devices are installed in mountainous areas and a variety of vegetation. These harsh environments lead to defective signals at high elevation angles, rendering real-time successive and reliable positioning results for monitoring difficult. In this study, an environmental model derived from signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is proposed to enhance the precision and convergence time of positioning in harsh environments. A series of experiments are conducted on weighting and ambiguity-fixed models to evaluate performance. The results indicate that the proposed SNR-dependent environment model could lead to a significant improvement in precision and convergence time; with an obtained root mean squared result on the millimeter level, a convergence time of a few seconds, and utilization which could reach 100%, for continuous and reliable positioning results. These results indicate that the proposed SNR-dependent environment model enhances the performance of GNSS monitoring and early warning to provide continuous and reliable positioning results in real-time.
Highlights
Landslide is a major type of geological disaster across the world, especially in China
The datasets are processed using the Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) software package developed by our research group
Both sites are on mountainous zones and surrounded by other mountains and types of vegetation, which couldcould lead to series errors on satellite and covered coveredwith withvarious various types of vegetation, which lead to multipath series multipath errors on signals
Summary
Landslide is a major type of geological disaster across the world, especially in China. As GNSS instruments are installed in environments that contain both mountains and a variety of vegetation, which produce serious refraction and diffraction effects in terms of the GNSS satellite signals, environment severely affect the continuity and reliability of GNSS monitoring and early warning [6,7,8,9]. To solve these problems, various studies have attempted to mitigate the effects of the multipath phenomenon caused by radio-frequency reflections, using techniques that can be classified into three groups. The first group involves mitigation of multipath errors using hardware, such as a choke antenna
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