SNPs Associated with Foliar Phylloxera Tolerance in Hybrid Grape Populations Carrying Introgression from Muscadinia

Irina Vasylyk,Vitalii Volodin,Dmitry Karzhaev,Elena Potokina,Vladimir Volynkin,Valentina Risovannaya,Vladimir Likhovskoi,Vladimir Volkov,Elizaveta Grigoreva,Svetlana Gorislavets,Ekaterina Lushchay,Elena Matveikina,Gennady Spotar,Kirill Lytkin

doi:10.3390/horticulturae8010016

Abstract

Leaf-feeding phylloxera decreases the photosynthetic activity of a grape plant, leading to decreasing number of fruit buds. In addition, phylloxera larvae emerging from the leaf galls may colonize the roots, negatively affecting the growth of the grape plant. In this study, we evaluated host tolerance of three grapevine hybrid populations obtained from crossing of the same maternal grapevine M. no. 31-77-10 with interspecific hybrids carrying introgressions from Muscadinia and other North American Vitis species against leaf-feeding grape phylloxera. Combining genotyping data of the populations obtained with 12,734 SNPs and their resistance phenotypes evaluated in the laboratory experiment, we performed an association study. As the result of GWAS, nine SNPs with the lowest significant p-values were discovered in the whole sample of 139 hybrids as associated with variation of the scores ‘the percentage of infested leaves’ and ‘intensity of gall formation’. Three of the SNPs on LG 7 were located in the same chromosome interval where a major QTL (RDV6) for root phylloxera resistance was reported from Muscadine background. Two SNPs on LG 8 were detected within the gene, encoding E3 ubiquitin-protein ligase UPL4 involved in apoptosis. SNPs detected on LG 13 and LG 18 may overlap with the previously reported QTLs for phylloxera resistance inherited from V. cinerea.

Highlights

Grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch is one of the main pests of the grape plant that endangers viticulture throughout Europe [1]
The female parent ‘Magarach no. 31-77-100 was obtained by crossing the ‘Nimrang’ variety having functionally female type of flower with the ‘Seibel 136660 variety, which is a complex interspecific hybrid obtained through the use of the species of the Euvitis subgenus: V. riparia, V. berlandieri, V. cinerea, V. aestivalis, V. lincecumii, V. labrusca, and V. rupestris with just 45% of Vitis vinifera genes in the genome [14]
VRH 3082-1-42 was the BC4 progeny of pseudo-backcrosses tracing back to the famous NC6-15 interspecific hybrid (Muscadinia rotundifolia × Vitis vinifera) [15]

Summary

Introduction

Grape phylloxera Daktulosphaira vitifoliae Fitch is one of the main pests of the grape plant that endangers viticulture throughout Europe [1]. Phylloxera was introduced to Europe in the middle of the 19th century with planting material from the United States [2]. Favorable conditions for this invasive pest have developed on European grape varieties, which led to the massive spread of this aphid-like insect in Europe [3]. Over the entire history of the fight against grape phylloxera, more than 300 different methods have been tested. The long-term (more than a century) usage of phylloxeratolerant rootstock, changes in the varietal composition of grapes, and climate change have led to the increasing spread of the foliar form of phylloxera in vineyards.

Methods

Results

Conclusion