Abstract
BackgroundThe incidence of snoring and sleepiness is known to increase during pregnancy, and this might impact maternal health and obstetric outcome. However, the association between snoring and sleepiness during pregnancy is not fully understood. This study was aimed at investigating the development of snoring during pregnancy and prospectively assessing if there is an association between snoring and sleepiness or adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia, mode of delivery, and fetal complications.MethodsConsecutively recruited pregnant women (n = 500) received a questionnaire concerning snoring and sleep at the 1st and 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The women who had rated their frequency of snoring at both occasions (n = 340) were divided into subgroups according to the development of snoring they reported and included in the subsequent analyses. Additional medical data were collected from the medical records.ResultsThe frequency of snoring was 7.9% in the 1st trimester and increased to 21.2% in the 3rd trimester of pregnancy. The women who snored already in early pregnancy had significantly higher baseline BMI (p = 0.001) than the women who never snored, but snoring was not associated with the magnitude of weight gain during pregnancy. Snoring women were more likely to experience edema in late pregnancy than the non-snorers. Women who started to snore during pregnancy had higher Epworth Sleepiness Scores than the non snorers in both early and late pregnancy. No significant association between obstetric outcome and snoring was found.ConclusionSnoring does increase during pregnancy, and this increase is associated with sleepiness, higher BMI at the start of pregnancy and higher prevalence of edema, but not with weight gain.
Highlights
The incidence of snoring and sleepiness is known to increase during pregnancy, and this might impact maternal health and obstetric outcome
Women who started to snore during pregnancy, i.e. snored “never”, “seldom” or “sometimes” in the first trimester and “often” or “always” in the 3rd trimester were considered “gestational snorers”
340 women were included in further analyses
Summary
The incidence of snoring and sleepiness is known to increase during pregnancy, and this might impact maternal health and obstetric outcome. This study was aimed at investigating the development of snoring during pregnancy and prospectively assessing if there is an association between snoring and sleepiness or adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as preeclampsia, mode of delivery, and fetal complications. A prospective American study from 1996 reported that snoring increased from 4% before pregnancy to 14% in the last trimester of pregnancy [4]. As a result of snoring and other sleep related problems during pregnancy daytime sleepiness and fatigue may occur [15], especially when associated with obstructive sleep apnea (OSAS) [16]. This study was conducted to prospectively examine the possible relation between snoring and sleepiness and adverse obstetric outcomes over the entire pregnancy, assessed in the same women in the 1st and 3rd trimester as well as postpartum
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