SnoN as a Key Regulator of the High Glucose-Induced Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Cells of the Proximal Tubule

Abstract

Background/Aims: Ski-related protein N (SnoN) suppression is essential to transforming growth factor-β1 induction and the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) in several cancer cells. The role of SnoN in diabetic nephropathy is unknown. We aimed to determine the role of SnoN in the EMT of proximal tubule cells (PTCs) maintained under high glucose conditions. Methods: Immunohistochemistry, immunocytochemistry, Western blotting, small interfering RNA gene silencing, viral transduction and RT-PCR were used to assess changes in SnoN, E-cadherin, cytokeratin-18, α-smooth muscle actin and fibronectin expression using an in vivo streptozotocin-induced rat diabetic nephropathy model, and PTCs exposed to high glucose (25 mmol/l). Results: High glucose induced EMT in vitro and in vivo. Exposure of PTCs to a high concentration of glucose suppressed SnoN expression in a time-dependent manner compared with normal glucose and high osmolarity-treated groups. SnoN gene silencing under high glucose conditions appears to enhance the transition of PTC phenotype. Conversely, ectopic expression of exogenous SnoN after transfection conferred tubular epithelial cell resistance to high glucose-induced EMT. Conclusion: SnoN plays a negative role in high glucose-induced EMT in PTCs. The effect of SnoN downregulation in vivo and in vitro suggests that SnoN may be a potential therapeutic target.