Abstract
The effects of sniffing different concentrations of the human sex-steroid derived compound 4,16-androstadien-3-one (AND) on autonomic nervous system function and mood were measured in 60 subjects. The effects were sex-specific and concentration-dependent. Only high concentrations of AND (0.00625 M) increased positive mood ( p<0.03) and decreased negative mood ( p<0.05) in women compared to men, and had sympathetic-like effects in women ( p<0.003), and parasympathetic-like effects in men ( p<0.05). These findings further implicate AND in chemical communication between humans, but pose questions as to the path by which AND is transduced, whether through chemical sensing or transdermal diffusion.
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