Síndrome metabólico en la mujer

Abstract

IntroductionObesity, especially abdominal obesity, is associated with resistance to the effect of insulin on peripheral glucose and the use of fatty acids. This can lead to the development of metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus, resistance to insulin, hyperinsulinemia and associated hyperglycemia, and adipokines. It can also lead to vascular endothelial dysfunction, an abnormal lipid profile, hypertension and vascular inflammation, all of which promote the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. This association is known as syndrome X, the quartet of death, or insulin resistance syndrome.In the NHANES III study, metabolic syndrome was present in 5% of patients with normal weight, 22% of those who were overweight, and 60% of those who were obese. Increased body weight is a major risk factor for metabolic syndrome, in addition to age and race. Other factors associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome include the consumption of drinks sweetened with sugar and antipsychotic medications.In this review, we will discuss how metabolic syndrome affects women in increasing cardiovascular risk. MethodA systematic review of the research was carried out, with the subject reviews which have been carried out in recent years regarding metabolic syndrome in women, derived from scientific data bases. Uptodate, Pubmed and Scielo. ConclusionsCardiovascular disease (CVD) is the main cause of death in women and there are risk factors which are specific to women, such as early onset of menarche, menopause, premenstrual syndrome, polycystic ovarian syndrome, the use of oral contraceptives, a history of pregnancy induced hypertension, and preterm delivery. Other risk factors are shared with men, such as age, family history, hypertension, dyslipidemias, diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, chronic kidney disease, smoking, diet, consumption of alcohol, a sedentary lifestyle, obesity, psychosocial factors, C-reactive protein inflammatory markers, a high plasma fibrinogen level and hyperhomocysteinemia.