Síndrome de Os Peroneum Doloroso: Condição Rara ou Não Diagnosticada?

Abstract

Os Peroneum is an accessory ossicle located within the substance of the peroneus longus tendon that can cause pain in the lateral aspect of the foot. The painful Os Peroneum syndrome arises from a wide variety of conditions, such as impingement, fractures or diastasis of the Os Peroneum and can lead to tenosynovitis or rupture of the peroneus longus tendon. The differential diagnosis of lateral foot pain should consider this syndrome. Although diagnosis is mainly based in clinical features, imaging plays a significant role both in confirming the diagnosis and in therapeutic orientation. According to the literature, treatment varies with clinical severity, but is mostly surgical due to the syndrome’s typical acute presentation – the Os Peroneum fracture. The authors report an atypical case of chronic Os Peroneum syndrome without fracture that was documented by several imaging methods and treated conservatively by means of a customized rehabilitation programme achieving complete symptomatic resolution.