Síndrome de hemisferio derecho en niños: correlación funcional y madurativa de los trastornos del aprendizaje no verbales

Abstract

This review presents the maturational model of the right hemisphere syndrome in children, its clinical manifestations and its relationship with non-verbal learning disabilities. The white matter model proposed by Rourke is presented and the clinical symptoms that are generally associated with right hemisphere dysfunction, independent of which hemisphere is affected, are highlighted. It has been proposed that the right hemisphere have proportionally more white matter than the left hemisphere which implies different adaptation processes for each one after brain lesions. There are different factors that determine these results: brain plasticity acts in different ways in each hemisphere; early brain injuries, affect specially right hemispheric functioning in its abilities to be in charge of new material processing and building new schemes that are also used by the left hemisphere. Some pathologies that are related with the clinical manifestations of non-verbal learning disabilities are presented. According with this model, they display basic neuropsychological features, even though their clinical manifestations could change between them. The Attention Deficit Hyperactivity disorder is specially considered as the most recent evidence of right hemispheric dysfunction, although results in this pathology are controversial, from the neuropsychological point of view. In general, the right hemisphere lesion in children has different implications when it is compared with adult's lesions. The white matter model could explain different processes in the plasticity brain mechanism. Preservation of basic language aspects is observed, but a deficit in non-verbal abilities that interferes with normal functioning is a rule. A specific clinical profile of assets and deficits is presented in most of the cases. These characteristics should be considered in treatment implementations.