Abstract
Snapshot Surveys for Lake Monitoring, More Than a Shot in the Dark.
Highlights
WHY DO WE MONITOR?Environmental degradation and loss of ecosystem services due to anthropogenic activities are an issue of global concern (Cardinale et al, 2012)
Phytoplankton dynamics can be driven by long-term environmental change (Monchamp et al, 2016), inter-annual variability (Anneville et al, 2004), seasonal succession (Sommer et al, 2012), and diel changes (Ibelings et al, 1991)
We focus on multi-lake snapshot surveys and discuss the limitations of the approach
Summary
Long-term monitoring from routine (discrete) sampling— typically bi-weekly to monthly—addresses ecosystem change under environmental pressure over time by measuring both coarse and fine-resolution responses (e.g., phytoplankton taxonomy) and environmental drivers (e.g., nutrients) that cannot be sampled with automated or remote sensing approaches. The resulting datasets can elucidate long-term impacts on lakes such as eutrophication (North et al, 2014). Such datasets contributed to developing and validating ecological theories, e.g., the alternative stable state theory (Scheffer and van Nes, 2007), which was successfully implemented in lake restoration programs (Ibelings et al, 2007). The frequency of routine sampling associated with long-term monitoring does not necessarily assure correct capture of lake processes. Long-term monitoring from automated high-frequency sampling allows characterization of fine-scale temporal dynamics.
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