Abstract
Abstract Supplemental high-pressure sodium (HPS) irradiation of greenhouse-grown snapdragons (Antirrhinum majus L.) at a quantum flux density (QFD) of 105 ± 15 μE m−2s−1 reduced winter flowering time and increased fresh weight and stem length. Flowering time, fresh weight, and stem length were equal when plants were grown at both summer (8 × 10 cm) and winter (10 × 13 cm) spacings under HPS lamps, thereby increasing winter production/m2 by 63%. Reductions in flowering time and increases in fresh weight and stem length for cultivars grown under HPS lamps during the spring were smaller than for plants grown under HPS lamps during the winter. Differences in cultivar response were found in both studies.
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