Abstract
Snakin-1 is a member of the Solanum tuberosum Snakin/GASA family. We previously demonstrated that Snakin-1 is involved in plant defense to pathogens as well as in plant growth and development, but its mechanism of action has not been completely elucidated yet. Here, we showed that leaves of Snakin-1 silenced potato transgenic plants exhibited increased levels of reactive oxygen species and significantly reduced content of ascorbic acid. Furthermore, Snakin-1 silencing enhanced salicylic acid content in accordance with an increased expression of SA-inducible PRs genes. Interestingly, gibberellic acid levels were also enhanced and transcriptome analysis revealed that a large number of genes related to sterol biosynthesis were downregulated in these silenced lines. Moreover, we demonstrated that Snakin-1 directly interacts with StDIM/DWF1, an enzyme involved in plant sterols biosynthesis. Additionally, the analysis of the expression pattern of PStSN1::GUS in potato showed that Snakin-1 is present mainly in young tissues associated with active growth and cell division zones. Our comprehensive analysis of Snakin-1 silenced lines demonstrated for the first time in potato that Snakin-1 plays a role in redox balance and participates in a complex crosstalk among different hormones.
Highlights
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate in signaling in response to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in plant development [1, 2]
To study whether Snakin-1 affects the redox balance in potato, we analyzed ROS levels in two independent transgenic Snakin-1 silenced lines (A2 and A3) and wild type (WT) plants
Since the overexpression of FsGASA4 and GASA5, two members of Snakin/GASA family regulated by gibberellic acid (GA), alters levels and/or responses of salicylic acid (SA) in Arabidopsis [27, 28], we investigate whether Snakin-1 is involved in hormone homeostasis
Summary
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) participate in signaling in response to biotic and abiotic stresses as well as in plant development [1, 2]. ROS have been involved in different processes such as root hair and pollen tube growth, stomatal movements and plant–microbe interactions [3,4,5,6,7,8] This signaling role implies that ROS homeostasis needs to be tightly controlled within plant cells [2, 9, 10]. Ascorbic acid is a major antioxidant that ensures protection of plant cells against ROS generated by physiological processes as well as by stresses [11, 12] It has multiple functions in metabolism, electron transport, plant responses to pathogens and abiotic stress and it is considered to influence plant growth and development through its effects on the cell cycle and cell elongation [13, 14].
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