Snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV) leader RNA interacts with host antiviral factors RPS8 and L13a and promotes virus replication

Abstract

To evade host antiviral response, viruses have evolved to take advantage of their noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). Snakehead vesiculovirus (SHVV), a newly isolated fish rhabdovirus from diseased hybrid snakehead, has caused high mortality to the cultured snakehead fish during the past years in China. However, little is known about the mechanisms of its pathogenicity. Our study revealed that overexpression of the 30-nt leader RNA promoted SHVV replication. RNA-protein binding investigation revealed that SHVV leader RNA could interact with host 40S ribosomal protein S8 (RPS8) and 60S ribosomal protein L13a (L13a). Furthermore, we found that SHVV infection upregulated RPS8 and L13a, and in turn, overexpression of RPS8 or L13a inhibited, while knockdown of RPS8 or L13a promoted, SHVV replication, suggesting that RPS8 and L13a acted as host antiviral factors in response to SHVV infection. In addition, our study revealed that RPS8- or L13a-mediated inhibition of SHVV replication could be restored by co-transfection with leader RNA, suggesting that the interaction between leader RNA and RPS8 or L13a might affect the anti-SHVV effects of RPS8 and L13a. Taken together, these results suggest that SHVV leader RNA can interact with the host antiviral factors RPS8 and L13a, and promote SHVV replication. This study provides a better understanding of the molecular mechanism of the pathogenesis of SHVV and a potential antiviral strategy against SHVV infection.