Abstract
Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the in vitro antibacterial activity of snake venoms and purified toxins on the phytopathogenic bacterium Ralstonia solanacearum. The evaluations were performed with 17 crude venoms (13 from Bothrops, 3 from Crotalus, and 1 from Lachesis) and seven toxins (1 from Bothrops and 6 from Crotalus). Antibacterial activity was assessed in MB1 medium containing solubilized treatments (1 μL mL-1). A total of 100 μL bacterial suspension (8.4 x 109 CFU mL-1) was used. After incubation at 28°C, the number of bacterial colonies at 24, 48, and 72 hours after inoculation was evaluated. SDS-PAGE gel at 15% was used to analyze the protein patterns of the samples, using 5 μg protein of each sample in the assay. Furthermore, the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and lethal concentration (LC50) values were determined by the Probit method. Venoms and toxins were able to reduce more than 90% of R. solanacearum growth. These results were either equivalent to those of the positive control chloramphenicol or even better. While MIC values ranged from 4.0 to 271.5 μg mL-1, LC50 ranged from 28.5 μg mL-1 to 4.38 mg mL-1. Ten crude venoms (7 from Bothrops and 3 from Crotalus) and two purified toxins (gyroxin and crotamine) are promising approaches to control the phytopathogenic bacterium R. solanacearum.
Highlights
Through large-scale production systems, conventional agriculture plays an important role to attend to the growing food demand
The antibacterial activity assays of snake venoms and toxins against colonies of R. solanacearum were subjected to analysis of variance and a significant reduction in colonies was observed (Table 2)
Out of the 24 venoms and toxins evaluated in the present study, 12 showed antibacterial activity against R. solanacearum (Figure 2)
Summary
Through large-scale production systems, conventional agriculture plays an important role to attend to the growing food demand. Food production can be affected by several factors, including pathogen attacks on host plants. It is estimated that, for many crops, potential loss caused by pathogens can reach over 30% of agricultural production worldwide (Yuliar et al, 2015; Rodrigues et al, 2020). Phytobacteria can cause damage to several crops of economic interest and are responsible for important losses globally. The pathogen induces rapid and destructive damage to host tissues. This bacterium is a soil-borne pathogen with a large host variety, it penetrates the plants through their roots, reaching the xylem vessels where its multiplication occurs (Yadeta & Thomma, 2013; Dalsing et al, 2015)
Sign-in/Register to view highlights & summary Sign-in/Register to access full text options 
Talk to us
Join us for a 30 min session where you can share your feedback and ask us any queries you have
Schedule a callDisclaimer: All third-party content on this website/platform is and will remain the property of their respective owners and is provided on "as is" basis without any warranties, express or implied. Use of third-party content does not indicate any affiliation, sponsorship with or endorsement by them. Any references to third-party content is to identify the corresponding services and shall be considered fair use under The CopyrightLaw.
