Abstract
In this case report, specific antivenin treatment for Viperidae snake envenomation in two cattle was defined for the first time. The diagnosis of snake envenomation was made according to the history and clinical findings. Clinical examination revealed systemic (tachycardia, dyspnea, cyanosis, hypersalivation, ruminal hypotony) and local (swelling of the leg and head) findings depending on the location of snake bites. Laboratory analysis determined granulocytic leukocytosis, monocytosis, decreased iron binding capacity, and increased CK and LDH enzyme activities. In the specific treatment of cases, equine-derived polyvalent antivenin containing antitoxic immunoglobulins against Viperidae species was administered. Additionally, 5% dextrose, antibiotics, dexamethasone, antihistamines, diuretics, and a vitamin B complex were applied. All clinical and laboratory abnormalities improved after treatment. Complete clinical improvement was observed within 1 week in both cases. The results indicate that equine-derived specific antivenin treatment in snake bites of the family Viperidae can be successfully used in cattle.
Highlights
Snake bites are included in clinical emergencies in cattle, but they are rare [1]
In Turkey, snake bites are usually committed by the family Viperidae
Radostits et al [1] reported that reaching a certain size of swelling due to bite in the head region may cause dyspnea in cattle
Summary
Snake bites are included in clinical emergencies in cattle, but they are rare [1]. Snake bites usually occur during grazing [2,3] and the summer months when snakes are active [1]. Local and systemic (pulmonary, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, hematologic, neurologic) disorders are observed in cases of snake bites [6]. It is reported that snakes affect all humans and animal species in the same region; equine-derived antivenins produced for humans can be used in the treatment of animals [1,6].
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