Abstract
BackgroundPennisetum giganteum, an abundant, fast-growing perennial C4 grass that belongs to the genus Pennisetum, family Poaceae, has been developed as a source of biomass for mushroom cultivation and production, as a source of forage for cattle and sheep, and as a tool to remedy soil erosion. However, having a chilling-sensitive nature, P. giganteum seedlings need to be protected while overwintering in most temperate climate regions.ResultsTo elucidate the cold stress responses of P. giganteum, we carried out comprehensive full-length transcriptomes from leaf and root tissues under room temperature (RT) and chilling temperature (CT) using PacBio Iso-Seq long reads. We identified 196,124 and 140,766 full-length consensus transcripts in the RT and CT samples, respectively. We then systematically performed functional annotation, transcription factor identification, long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) prediction, and simple sequence repeat (SSR) analysis of those full-length transcriptomes. Isoform analysis revealed that alternative splicing events may be induced by cold stress in P. giganteum, and transcript variants may be involved in C18 unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways at chilling temperature in P. giganteum. Furthermore, the fatty acid composition determination and gene expression level analysis supported that C18 unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways may play roles during cold stress in P. giganteum.ConclusionsWe provide the first comprehensive full-length transcriptomic resource for the abundant and fast-growing perennial grass Pennisetum giganteum. Our results provide a useful transcriptomic resource for exploring the biological pathways involved in the cold stress responses of P. giganteum.
Highlights
Pennisetum giganteum, an abundant, fast-growing perennial C4 grass that belongs to the genus Pennisetum, family Poaceae, has been developed as a source of biomass for mushroom cultivation and production, as a source of forage for cattle and sheep, and as a tool to remedy soil erosion
Isoform analysis revealed the complexity of alternative splicing in P. giganteum, and transcript variants may be involved in C18 unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways at chilling temperature in P. giganteum
P. giganteum transcriptome analysis using PacBio Iso-seq Two pooled samples of room temperature (RT) and chilling temperature (CT) were sequenced to obtain a wide coverage of the P. giganteum full-length transcriptome using PacBio IsoSeq
Summary
Pennisetum giganteum, an abundant, fast-growing perennial C4 grass that belongs to the genus Pennisetum, family Poaceae, has been developed as a source of biomass for mushroom cultivation and production, as a source of forage for cattle and sheep, and as a tool to remedy soil erosion. Temperature is a major environmental factor that affects plant growth, development, productivity and distribution [1]. Plants from temperate regions can increase their freezing tolerance by being exposed to chilling and non-freezing temperatures, which is known as cold acclimation [3]. Plants of tropical and subtropical origins, such as rice, maize, and C4 grasses, largely lack such a capacity for cold acclimation and are sensitive to chilling stress [1]. The maintenance of polyunsaturated fatty acid levels in chloroplast lipids has been shown to contribute to survival at low temperatures and the normal formation of chloroplast membranes in plants under cold stress [8]. A study on Camellia japonica showed that α-linolenic acid biosynthesis and metabolism pathways may play roles in plant cold responses [7]
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