Smoothing effects for the porous medium equation on Cartan–Hadamard manifolds

Abstract

We prove three sharp bounds for solutions to the porous medium equation posed on Riemannian manifolds, or for weighted versions of such equation. Firstly we prove a smoothing effect for solutions which is valid on any Cartan–Hadamard manifold whose sectional curvatures are bounded above by a strictly negative constant. This bound includes as a special case the sharp smoothing effect recently proved by Vázquez on the hyperbolic space in Vázquez (2015), which is similar to the absolute bound valid in the case of bounded Euclidean domains but has a logarithmic correction. Secondly we prove a bound which interpolates between such smoothing effect and the Euclidean one, supposing a suitable quantitative Sobolev inequality holds, showing that it is sharp by means of explicit examples. Finally, assuming a stronger functional inequality of sub-Poincaré type, we prove that the above mentioned (sharp) absolute bound holds, and provide examples of weighted porous media equations on manifolds of infinite volume in which it holds, in contrast with the non-weighted Euclidean situation. It is also shown that sub-Poincaré inequalities cannot hold on Cartan–Hadamard manifolds.