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Abstract
The hybrid deposition method was developed to overcome the difficulties that the vacuum-based techniques face for fabricating perovskite solar cells. Our results provide an explanation of various factors that need optimizing to achieve convenient and reliable fabrication of large-area smooth perovskite thin films for solar cell applications without the use of solvents.
Highlights
We provide details on the development of instrumentation and methodology to overcome the common difficulties that the vacuum-related techniques face for fabrication of perovskite thin films and perovskite solar cells (PSCs)
This hybrid deposition method allows the growth of perovskite films with smooth surface, good crystallinity, high surface coverage, uniform chemical composition and semi-transparency
We systematically investigated the effects of the evaporation source materials (PbCl2 : MAI versus PbI2 : MAI), substrate temperatures, and post-annealing on the properties of perovskite films, as well as device performances based on this method
Summary
Smooth perovskite thin films and efficient perovskite solar cells prepared by the hybrid deposition method†. We provide details on the development of instrumentation and methodology to overcome the common difficulties that the vacuum-related techniques face for fabrication of perovskite thin films and perovskite solar cells (PSCs). Our methodology relies on precisely controlling the flow of methylammonium iodide (CH3NH3I, MAI), which has a high-vapor pressure nature, and the deposition rate of metal halides (PbCl2 or PbI2). This hybrid deposition method allows the growth of perovskite films with smooth surface, good crystallinity, high surface coverage, uniform chemical composition and semi-transparency. By employing a thin perovskite film (
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