Abstract
As part of the China National Health Survey, the objective of this study was to explore the prevalence, patterns, and influencing factors of smoking, and understand reasons for smoking cessation among adults in Hebei Province, central China. Using a multi-stage stratified cluster sampling method, 6,552 adults (2,594 males) aged 20–80 were selected in 2017. Demographic, socioeconomic, and tobacco use information were collected by questionnaire interview. The prevalence of ever-smoking, current smoking, and ex-smoking was 28.94, 21.08, and 7.86%, respectively. Male participants had a much higher prevalence of ever-smoking and current smoking (67.39 and 48.77%) than females (3.74 and 2.93%). In male participants, the daily cigarette consumption was 16.61, and the mean age of smoking initiation was 20.95, decreasing with birth year (27.50 in people born before 1946 vs. 17.9 for those born after 1985, p for trend < 0.001). Over 40% of male ever-smokers initiated regular smoking before 20. Compared with never drinking, the ORs (95% CI) of ever-smoking for low, moderate, and high alcohol consumption in male participants were 1.44 (1.11–1.86), 2.80 (1.91–4.11), and 2.40 (1.72–3.33), respectively. Among 479 male ex-smokers, 50.94% stopped smoking because of illness and 49.06% by choice. Among male ex-smokers, hypertensive men were more likely to quit smoking than the normotensive individuals (OR: 1.48, 95% CI: 1.13–1.96). For CVD patients, this effect was estimated as 2.27 (95% CI: 1.56–3.30). This study revealed a high prevalence of ever-smoking, especially in men, in a representative population in central China. Health education focus on tobacco control could be integrated with alcohol consumption reduction to achieve additional benefit.
Highlights
Smoking was the second leading risk factor for early death and disability [1] and is a well-established risk factor for many diseases including hypertension (HTN) [2], diabetes [3], cardiovascular disease (CVD) [4, 5], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [6], and cancer; [7, 8].Smoking Behavior in Chinese AdultsThe past decade had brought a substantial expansion and strengthening of tobacco control initiatives, such as taxation of tobacco products, bans on smoking in public places and smokefree zones, etc. [9, 10]
This study revealed a high prevalence of smoking, especially in men, in a representative population in central China, and provided updated evidence of smoking patterns
Lifestyle risk factors such as alcohol consumption is found to be associated with smoking
Summary
Smoking was the second leading risk factor for early death and disability [1] and is a well-established risk factor for many diseases including hypertension (HTN) [2], diabetes [3], cardiovascular disease (CVD) [4, 5], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) [6], and cancer; [7, 8].Smoking Behavior in Chinese AdultsThe past decade had brought a substantial expansion and strengthening of tobacco control initiatives, such as taxation of tobacco products, bans on smoking in public places and smokefree zones, etc. [9, 10]. In 2015, the cigarette smoking prevalence is still high, which is estimated as 25% in men and 5.4% in women [11]. Based on the 2015 Chinese Adults Tobacco Survey Report (CATSR) released by the Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention (China CDC), about 27.7% (52.1% of men and 2.7% of women) of Chinese population aged 15 and over were current smokers, estimated as over 316 million people, and the average daily tobacco consumption was 15.2 cigarettes [13]. Because of the devastating health, social, economic, and environmental consequences of tobacco consumption [14], understanding the influencing factors of smoking and the reasons for smoking cessation, as well as information on frequency, initiated age, and daily tobacco consumption among smokers, is important for tobacco control in China
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