Abstract
Despite of clinical evidence of increased incidence of bone diseases amongst smokers as well as worsening recovery in orthopedic surgeries, it is still unclear which pathological mechanisms are induced by smoking and how these events impair bone turnover. Animal models and in vitro studies have been used to better elucidate these questions and smoking-induced oxidative stress have been pointed as playing crucial role in the worsening of bone cells activities leading bone damage. Oxidative stress is a physiological mechanism characterized by an imbalance between oxidants and antioxidants components. This imbalance leads cell damage and consequent release of inflammatory mediators, resulting in structural changes that impair the functionality of compromised organ. In this review, we summarize findings from clinical, animal models and in vitro studies that have elucidated the importance of the oxidative stress induced by smoking in different bone cells activities, leading bone mineral and organic matrix structural changes.
Highlights
Smoking effects on bone: Epidemiological evidenceCigarette smoking is recognized as an important risk factor for several diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, cancer, heart attack and vascular diseases[1,2,3,4].Smoking is associated with increased incidence of fractures[5], osteoporosis, mainly in women[6], and delayed consolidation under bone injury conditions[7].In clinical studies, smoking has been associated with decreases in bone volume and mineral density (BMD) by the enhancement of bone resorption
We summarize findings from clinical, animal models and in vitro studies that have elucidated the importance of the oxidative stress induced by smoking in different bone cells activities, leading bone mineral and organic matrix structural changes
In this review we summarize some results from clinical, animal models and in vitro studies (Figure 2). that have highlighted the importance of the oxidative stress induced by smoking in the worsening of bone turnover, focusing in bone mineral and organic matrix structural changes
Summary
Júlia Benini Kohler[1], Jader Joel Machado Junqueira[1], Taysa Cristiane Moreira da Silva[3], Marco Antonio Gonçalves Pontes Filho[3,4], Iolanda De Fátima L C Tibério[1], Fernanda Degobbi T Q S Lopes[1], Alexandre
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