Abstract
Introduction Smoking is a serious problem for the health care system. Many of the compounds identified in cigarette smoke have toxic effects on the fertility of both females and males. The purpose of this study was to determine whether smoking affects clinical factors during IVF/ICSI therapy in a single-center reproductive unit. Material and Methods In a retrospective study of 200 IVF/ICSI cycles, endometrial thickness and the outcome of IVF/ICSI therapy were analyzed. Results Endometrial thickness was significantly lower in smoking patients than in non-smoking patients (10.4 ± 1.5 mm vs. 11.6 ± 1.8 mm). Age was significantly higher in women who failed to conceive. The total dose of gonadotropins administered was significantly lower in pregnant patients and the highest pregnancy rate was achieved with an rFSH protocol. BMI and number of cigarettes smoked did not influence treatment outcomes in this study. Conclusion We showed that smoking has a negative effect on endometrial thickness on the day of embryo transfer. This may help to further explain the detrimental influence of tobacco smoke on implantation and pregnancy rates during assisted reproduction therapy.
Highlights
Smoking is a serious problem for the health care system
The total dose of gonadotropins administered was significantly lower in pregnant patients and the highest pregnancy rate was achieved with an recombinant FSH (rFSH) protocol
We showed that smoking has a negative effect on endometrial thickness on the day of embryo transfer
Summary
Smoking is a serious problem for the health care system. Many of the compounds identified in cigarette smoke have toxic effects on the fertility of both females and males. The purpose of this study was to determine whether smoking affects clinical factors during IVF/ICSI therapy in a single-center reproductive unit. Khorram et al (2010) showed that nicotine and BaP in cigarette smoke inhibit endometrial epithelial cell proliferation through a nitric oxide-mediated pathway in a dose- and time-dependent manner [4]. Cadmium (Cd) can lead to reduced size or complete loss of follicles [6] as well as impaired cumulus expansion and progesterone synthesis in animal models [7] and human trophoblast cells in culture. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of maternal smoking on measurable clinical factors such as endometrial thickness, number of oocytes retrieved, number of mature oocytes, number of embryos transferred and dosage and length of hormonal stimulation during IVF/ICSI cycles
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