Smoking Cessation Mobile Interventions in Latin America: A Systematic Review.

Abstract

To systematically review published articles reporting the use of smoking cessation mobile health (mHealth) interventions in Latin America. Five different databases were searched from database inception to 2020. Criteria: (1) the research was a smoking cessation randomized controlled trial (RCT), quasi-experimental research, or single-arm study; (2) the intervention used at least one type of mHealth intervention; (3) the research was conducted in Latin American; and (4) the research reported the cessation rate. Of the seven selected studies, four were conducted in Brazil, two in Mexico, and one in Peru. Only one study was an adequately powered RCT. Interventions relied on text messages (n = 3), web-based tools (n = 2), and telephone calls (n = 3). Some studies (n = 4) provided pharmacotherapy support. Smoking cessation outcomes included self-reported (n = 5) and biochemically verified (n = 2) abstinence. Follow-ups were conducted at Month 6 (n = 2), Week 12 (n = 4), and Day 30 (n = 1). Cessation rates varied from 9.4% at Week 12 to 55.5% at Day 30. Despite the promising cessation rates of mHealth interventions in Brazil, Mexico, and Peru, there is a need to rigorously evaluate these interventions in different Latin American countries with RCTs that are long-term, adequately powered, and use biochemical verification of cessation.