Abstract
Although smoking is an established causal factor for upper aero digestive tract cancer (UADTC), most of the evidence originates from the West. Thus, we analysed data from 455,409 subjects in the Asia Pacific Cohort Studies Collaboration. Over a median of around six years follow-up, 371 deaths from UADTC were observed. The hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for current smokers, compared with those who had never smoked, was 2.36 (1.76 – 3.16), adjusted for age and alcohol drinking. Tobacco control policies are urgently required in Asia to prevent millions of deaths from UADTC that smoking will otherwise cause.
Highlights
Upper aero-digestive tract cancers are an important global problem, in developing countries
Mortality was classified according to the 9th Revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD): upper aero-digestive tract cancer (UADTC) was selected as codes 140-149, 150, and 161
After adjusting for age and alcohol, the hazard ratios (HRs) was: for lip, oral cavity or pharyngeal cancer, 2.14; esophageal cancer, 2.84; laryngeal cancer, 2.59
Summary
Upper aero-digestive tract (lip, oral cavity, pharynx, esophagus, larynx) cancers are an important global problem, in developing countries. Alcohol drinking is the other main risk factor [3,4,6,7], having been reported to increase the risk of developing UADTC among non-smokers by more than four times [7]. Combined, these two risk factors have been estimated to increase the risk of these cancers by more than twelve times compared with individuals who neither smoke nor drink alcohol [7]
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