Smoking and lung cancer (clinical and epidemiological study).

Abstract

Annotation. Tobacco smoke is one of the dangerous exogenous factors contributing to the emergence of chronic noncommunicable diseases and, first of all, malignant tumors.
 Purpose. On the basis of the hospital cancer registry created at the N.N. Petrov National Medical Research Center of Oncology (N.N. Petrov NMRC of Oncology), to analyze the differences in the specific weights of the risk of exposure to the smoking factor on cancer patients treated in the hospital with various oncopathologies. At the population level, to consider the dynamics of morbidity and mortality of the population of Russia, the North-Western Federal District (NWFD) and St. Petersburg of lung cancer patients, taking into account the impact of the coronavirus pandemic.
 The material of the study is the created database (DB) of the hospital and population cancer registry, working according to international standards and statistical reference books of the P.A. Herzen Moscow Research Institute of Oncology (P.A. Herzen Institute of Oncology) and the N.N. Petrov NMRC of Oncology, questioning of patients in the hospital.
 Results. Of the 47,356 patients treated at the center, 9201 or 19.4% abused smoking. The highest percentage of smokers was found among patients with laryngeal cancer (C32) 66.67%, esophageal cancer (C15) 53.20% and lung cancer (C33,34) 51.08. The lowest proportion of smokers among patients diagnosed with uterine body cancer (C54) 8.8% and breast (C50) 10.1%. It was found that 52.01% of smokers smoked more than half, up to one pack of cigarettes a day.
 Conclusions. Thus, the study proved a direct link between the smoking factor and the development of malignant tumors. It was found that more than 50% of patients with lung cancer are smokers. The proportion of smoking patients for other nosologies is significantly less, with the exception of laryngeal (C32) and esophageal (C15). We also noted an increase in the number of women who smoke both in the whole group of patients and in the group of patients diagnosed with lung cancer.