Abstract
Abstract Studies of endogenous hormone levels have confirmed that cigarette smoking can have important hormonal effects. Circulating levels of the adrenal hormones androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone sulphate have repeatedly been found to be elevated in smokers. Oestradiol and oestrone levels do not appear to be related to smoking in women, but may be increased in men who smoke. The data regarding testosterone are variable. The net effect of these changes may be that smoking has an androgenic influence in women and an oestrogenic influence in men.
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