Smoking and alcohol consumption impact on development and distribution of ulcerative colitis in adult patients among West Siberia Region population

Abstract

Despite the prolonged history of study of ulcerative colitis (UC) its precise aetiology is still unknown. Smoking impact on UC development has been revealed several decades ago and is being discussed due to the exact mechanism of tobacco smoke components to affect colonic mucosa hasn’t been discovered. Alcohol consumption role in UC development isn’t completely understood as well. Researches into the potential risk factors including pernicious habits are of interest as it allows the development of preventive measures and early diagnosis.Objective. To evaluate the correlation between smoking, alcohol consumption and UC development in adult patients among West Siberia region populationMaterial and methods. It has been conducted a case-control study from 2017 to 2022. The case series and matched controls included 157 UC patients and 56 healthy respondents respectively. Information was obtained through a written questionnaire.Results. Ulcerative colitis development odds in patients who quit smoking is 3.8 times higher. Disease debut in 48 % of patients occurred 5 or more years after quitting smoking. Extensive colitis was observed more often in patients with smoking history and left-sided colitis predominated in nonsmoking patients. There's no correlation between smoking history duration and UC distribution. Average amount of wine consumed in controls was almost three times higher than in UC patients.Conclusions. Smoking is not only considered as a trigger that can potentially cause UC regardless the number of cigarettes. Extensive colitis has been observed more often in smoking patients and the ones who quit smoking. Wine consumption up to 20 ml per day may have a protective effect against UC.