Smoke–suppressant Additives to YaMZ Supercharged Diesel Engine Fuel. Experience in Use

Abstract

0009-3092/01/3703–0172$25.00©2001Plenum Publishing Corporation YaMZ-846S diesels supercharged with respect to the average effective pressure and rpm were manufactured at Avtodizel’ OJSC based on the YaMZ-8424 engine to enter domestic vehicles in the European Formula 1 racing circuit organized by the International Federation of Motor Sports (FISA). The power of the basic model was increased in stages from 309 kW at 2100 min to 550, 730, and 900 kW at 2400 min. The average effective pressure almost doubled — to 2 MPa [1, 2]. Due to the important supercharging of the engine, the exhaust smoke, measured according to the rules of the competitions based on European Environmental Commission (EEC) standards, increased significantly. The judges gave smoky vehicles the “black” flag signal, which forced the driver to reduce speed, lose momentum, and lose out to his competitors. An original two-compressor turbocharging system, high-efficiency fuel system with high fuel injection energy, improved cooling of the supercharged air, and other improvements were introduced in the design of the YaMZ-846S engine to improve the dynamic and environmental characteristics [1, 2]. However, the simplest and fastest method of reducing exhaust smoke was to use smoke suppressant fuel additives. FISA has established the following requirements for the hydrocarbon composition and many physicochemical properties of diesel fuel for trucks participating in road races: minimum hydrocarbon content: 99 wt. %, maximum density: 860 kg/m at 20°C, maximum cetane number according to ASTM D 613 and according to ASTM D 976/80 (calculated): 55. The use of special fuel additives is not limited within the range of these standards.