Abstract
The fluctuated nature represents the main obstacle for increasing the penetration level of photovoltaic (PV) generators in utility microgrids. The energy storage systems (ESSs) represent the main solutions to get over these fluctuations. Among various ESSs, the superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) systems have proven themselves as an effective solution. The SMES control systems in the literature result in a shortened lifetime, degraded thermal behavior, and high AC losses in the SMES. Thence, reliable operation of SMES systems and microgrids has been given wide concerns due to the large fluctuations in microgrids with high levels of PV penetrations. This paper presents a SMES-based fuzzy logic approach for improving the reliability of SMES and utility microgrids with high PV penetration levels. The proposed SMES controller employs the state of charge (SOC) of SMES as an input. This, in turn, can effectively extend the lifetime of SMES due to eliminating the overcharge and deep discharge operating states. Moreover, the proposed system controls smoothly the SMES current using the fuzzy rules' system. The superiority and effectiveness of the proposed SMES controller are verified using simulation-based case studies of utility grids with high PV penetration levels. The obtained results show the effective smoothing of fluctuated power and constant bus voltages in the studied microgrid under the proposed controller. In addition, the proposed SMES controller provides superior performance regarding the lifetime and reliability of the SMES systems and microgrid components.
Highlights
The yearly growth rate of photovoltaic (PV) generation has been largely increased, reaching of the total generation of 227 GW in 2015 compared with a total generation of 177 GW in 2014
Motivated by the aforementioned insufficiency of the presented superconducting magnetic energy storage (SMES) controllers in the literature, this paper presents a new SMES controller based on Fuzzy logic control method with considering the state of charge (SOC) of SMES for enhancing its reliability
This paper has proposed a new control method for PV-SMES systems based on fuzzy logic control (FLC)
Summary
The yearly growth rate of photovoltaic (PV) generation has been largely increased, reaching of the total generation of 227 GW in 2015 compared with a total generation of 177 GW in 2014. The fluctuating nature of the PV generation systems results in continuous changing output power in addition to voltage rise problems. Reliability concerns of SMES system have been increased when they are applied in power systems including PV generations. SMES status evaluation scheme was presented in [18] for assuring the better dynamic thermal stability of SMES in power systems. Using these methods, sharp temperature rise of SMES can be averted, while compromising the functionalities of SMES in the power system. The application of Fuzzy-logic based controller for SMES in microgrids with PV generation systems was introduced in [22]. The proposed controller design method can be generalized for different microgrid architectures. The selected microgrid is connected through 30 km transmission line to the 120 kV utility power grid
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