Abstract
BackgroundTuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world’s deadliest communicable diseases. In Ethiopia, tuberculosis patients have different pattern of health care seeking behavior. They usually adopt other approaches like traditional healers and spiritual holy water sites before consulting public health facilities. This study was aimed to assess the prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis and associated risk factors among tuberculosis suspects attending spiritual holy water sites.MethodsA cross-sectional study was conducted from February 01, 2015 to March 30, 2015 in seven selected holy water sites in Northwest Ethiopia. During the study period, a total of 1384 adult holy water users were screened for PTB symptoms. A total of 382 pulmonary tuberculosis suspects participated in the study. Socio-demographic data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire. Spot-morning-spot sputum specimens were collected and examined for acid fast bacilli using Auramine O fluorescence staining technique. Smear positive sputum samples were tested by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay for rifampicin resistance. Descriptive statistics, binary and multivariate logistic regression analysis were employed using SPSS-16 software.ResultsThe prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis was 2.9% with point prevalence of 795/100, 000 holy water users. History of contact with tuberculosis patient (AOR = 9.174, 95% C.I = 2.195–38.34) and the number of family members > 5 per household (AOR = 9.258, 95% C.I = 1.14–74.97) were significantly associated with smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis. Rifampicin resistance was not detected from all smear positives by GeneXpert MTB/RIF assay.ConclusionsThe prevalence of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis in spiritual holy water sites was 7.4 fold higher than the general population. History of contact with active tuberculosis patients and increased family size were significantly associated with smear positive pulmonary TB. The national tuberculosis program should consider spiritual holy water sites as potential foci for TB transmission and plan regular survey and health education in holy water sites for effective TB prevention and control in the country.
Highlights
IntroductionIn Ethiopia, tuberculosis patients have different pattern of health care seeking behavior
Tuberculosis (TB) remains one of the world’s deadliest communicable diseases
Socio demographic characteristics of respondents Of the total 1384 holy water users, 382 (27.6%) individuals were identified as TB suspects
Summary
In Ethiopia, tuberculosis patients have different pattern of health care seeking behavior. They usually adopt other approaches like traditional healers and spiritual holy water sites before consulting public health facilities. The burden of TB is increasing at alarming rate and continues to be a major public health problem throughout the world with increasing incidences in developing countries. According to World Health Organization (WHO) global 2014 TB report, an estimated 9.0 million people develop TB and 1.5 million died from the disease in 2013 worldwide. Out of this more than half (56%) were in South East Asia and western pacific regions. African region accounts one quarter which had the highest rates of cases and deaths relative to the population [1, 3]
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