Smartphones for drugs: exchange relations in a South African gang since apartheid

Abstract

ABSTRACT This article outlines the nature of exchange relations between members of the so-called Number Gangs in South Africa. Transactions between these township-based members changed after apartheid with political and economic liberalisation. Through the case of an active gang leader in Cape Town, who was previously a career burglar, I look at the material things that move between members. I argue that transactions inside the gang do not make use of money, but are rather characterised by in-kind exchanges. These have four interdependent outcomes which structure the gang: (1) gifts that shape obligations in young recruits and experienced offenders; (2) enduring barter transactions for the collection of stolen electronics following such gifts; (3) employment in a context of joblessness; and (4) control for leaders.